Polish surnames are some of the most structurally fascinating in all of Europe. They carry centuries of history in a handful of syllables: noble lineages from the szlachta, Slavic roots that predate Christianity, occupational tags from medieval villages, and a grammatical gender system that means a husband and wife in the same family often carry slightly different versions of the same name. If you are researching your ancestry, building a character, or simply curious about where these names come from, Polish surnames reward attention.<\/p>\n
This guide walks through the most significant and representative Polish surnames, organized by the forces that shaped them. Each entry explains what the name actually means, where it comes from, and what makes it worth knowing. Polish surname culture is genuinely layered, so understanding the patterns is just as useful as knowing the individual names.<\/p>\n
Before the names themselves, the single most important thing to understand about Polish surnames is that they change form based on the bearer’s gender. This is not a nickname or a variation. It is grammar, baked into the language.<\/p>\n
The most common pattern involves surnames ending in -ski<\/strong> (masculine) and -ska<\/strong> (feminine), or -cki\/-cka<\/strong> and -dzki\/-dzka<\/strong>. A man named Kowalski has a wife named Kowalska. Their son is Kowalski; their daughter is Kowalska. The same applies to surnames ending in -ny\/-na<\/strong>, -wy\/-wa<\/strong>, and adjectival forms generally.<\/p>\n Surnames ending in a consonant or in -a<\/strong> also follow patterns. A man named Nowak has a wife who may be called Nowakowa in traditional usage, though in modern practice many women simply use Nowak. Surnames ending in -czyk<\/strong> or -ek<\/strong> typically stay the same across genders in contemporary usage, though older records will show feminized forms.<\/p>\n When you see a Polish surname in this guide listed as, say, Kowalski\/Kowalska, that is one surname with two gender forms, not two separate names.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n The szlachta was the Polish nobility, and at its peak it comprised a remarkable ten to fifteen percent of the population, making it one of the largest noble classes in European history. Szlachta surnames typically ended in -ski<\/strong> or -cki<\/strong>, often derived from the name of a landed estate. Over time these suffixes became so strongly associated with nobility that commoners began adopting them, which is why they are now ubiquitous.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Derived from the place name Potok, meaning “stream” or “brook” in Polish. The Potocki family was one of the most powerful magnate clans of the Commonwealth, holding vast estates across Ukraine and Poland for centuries. The name carries unmistakable aristocratic weight.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From Zamo\u015b\u0107, the Renaissance city in eastern Poland founded by Jan Zamoyski, the great chancellor and hetman of the late sixteenth century. The Zamoyski family name is inseparable from that city and from one of the most celebrated political careers in Polish history.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Derived from Czartorysk, a town in what is now Ukraine. The Czartoryski princes were a Lithuanian-Ruthenian dynasty that became deeply embedded in Polish political and cultural life, particularly during the Enlightenment period. A name that signals old-money gravitas.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n One of the most famous surnames in the entire history of Central Europe, belonging to the great Lithuanian-Polish magnate dynasty. The etymology traces to a Lithuanian personal name, reflecting the Commonwealth’s multinational character. The double-l with the stroke (\u0142) is a distinctly Polish graphic feature.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From Lubomierz, a place name incorporating the Slavic root lub-<\/em> meaning “dear” or “beloved” and mir<\/em> meaning “peace” or “world.” The Lubomirski princes were among the wealthiest magnates of the seventeenth century, and the name feels both lyrical and grand.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n A great Lithuanian-Ruthenian family name that rose to extraordinary prominence in the Commonwealth. The etymology is debated but likely Ruthenian in origin. The Sapieha family produced hetmans, chancellors, and cardinals across multiple generations.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From Wi\u015bniowiec, a place name derived from wi\u015bnia<\/em>, meaning “sour cherry.” The Wi\u015bniowiecki family produced Micha\u0142 Korybut Wi\u015bniowiecki, elected King of Poland in 1669. A name that manages to be both poetic and historically charged.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n A shorter noble surname associated with a prominent Lithuanian-Polish magnate family. The Pac family held the office of Lithuanian Grand Hetman and left their mark on Baroque architecture in Vilnius. Short noble surnames like Pac sit in interesting contrast to the long adjectival forms.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From the estate of Ossolin. Jerzy Ossoli\u0144ski, the seventeenth-century chancellor and diplomat, gave the name lasting fame, and the Ossolineum cultural institute in Wroc\u0142aw keeps it alive today.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From Branice or Bra\u0144sk. The Branicki family produced several powerful hetmans and magnates in the eighteenth century. The name has a strong, clipped sound that feels distinctly aristocratic.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n The most frequently occurring Polish surnames are not noble inventions. They grew from trades, personal characteristics, and the most common first names in medieval Poland. These are the names you will encounter most often in genealogical records and in contemporary Poland.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n The single most common Polish surname, derived from nowy<\/em>, meaning “new.” It was originally given to newcomers to a village or town. Simple, sturdy, and found in virtually every region of Poland.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From kowal<\/em>, meaning “blacksmith.” This is Poland’s equivalent of Smith, and like Smith it became enormously widespread because blacksmiths were essential in every community. The adjectival suffix -ski<\/strong> gives it a noble-sounding finish that its occupational origin does not quite warrant, which is part of Polish naming history’s charm.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From wi\u015bnia<\/em>, meaning “sour cherry tree,” and a place name suffix. This is one of Poland’s top-five surnames by frequency and has a soft, melodic quality that makes it particularly appealing.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Derived from w\u00f3jt<\/em>, the village headman or mayor under Polish feudal administration. A surname that began as a marker of local authority. The -cik<\/strong> suffix adds a diminutive, slightly familiar tone.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Another blacksmith-derived name, this time with the diminutive suffix -czyk<\/strong>, meaning something like “young blacksmith” or “blacksmith’s son.” A close cousin of Kowalski that evolved separately in different regions.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From kamie\u0144<\/em>, meaning “stone,” via a place name. Dozens of villages called Kamie\u0144 or Kamienica exist across Poland, making this surname geographically widespread and very common.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From lewanda<\/em> or lawenda<\/em>, meaning “lavender,” via a place name or possibly a personal characteristic. One of Poland’s most recognizable surnames internationally, largely due to footballer Robert Lewandowski.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From zielony<\/em>, meaning “green,” or from a place called Zielin. A color-derived surname that is both common and visually evocative.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From the given name Szymon, the Polish form of Simon. Patronymic in origin, meaning essentially “son of Szymon.” One of the clearest examples of how first names became surnames across Poland.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From wo\u017any<\/em>, a court usher or low-level official in the Polish legal and administrative system. A surname that marks a specific occupational niche rather than a general trade.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n An ethnic or regional designation referring to someone from Mazovia, the central region of Poland surrounding Warsaw. Regional origin names like this were commonly assigned to migrants who moved to other parts of the country.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Derived from karczmarz<\/em>, meaning “innkeeper” or “tavern keeper.” Heavily concentrated in the Greater Poland (Wielkopolska) region. One of Poland’s top surnames by raw count and a wonderful window into medieval village economy.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From the given name Piotr, the Polish form of Peter. A straightforward patronymic that became one of the most common surnames in the country, following the enormous popularity of the name Piotr through the Catholic tradition.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From Micha\u0142, the Polish form of Michael. Another patronymic-turned-surname with the adjectival -ski<\/strong> suffix. Extremely common across all regions.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Medieval Polish society organized itself around trades, and surnames were one of the ways communities kept track of who did what. These names are direct windows into the economic life of pre-modern Poland.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From krawiec<\/em>, meaning “tailor.” The diminutive suffix -czyk<\/strong> suggests “young tailor” or “tailor’s son.” A clean, sharp-sounding surname with a clear occupational origin.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Meaning “carpenter” directly. One of the more straightforward occupational surnames, with no suffix transformation. Still widely found in Poland today.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From kucharz<\/em>, meaning “cook.” The adjectival form gives a cook’s surname the same ending as a noble estate name, which is a neat illustration of how suffix patterns cut across social classes.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Meaning “butcher.” A direct occupational label with no ornamentation. Found most often in central and southern Poland.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From ko\u0142odziej<\/em>, meaning “wheelwright” or “cartwright.” Specialized trades like this produced surnames in Poland just as they did across Western Europe.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From m\u0142ynarz<\/em>, meaning “miller.” A surname that places an ancestor at a mill, one of the most economically central structures in any medieval village.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From szewc<\/em>, meaning “shoemaker” or “cobbler.” The -czyk<\/strong> diminutive is common in occupational surnames and gives the name a slightly softer sound.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Meaning “miner,” from g\u00f3ra<\/em>, meaning “mountain” or “hill.” Most concentrated in the Silesia region, where mining has been central to the economy for centuries.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From rybak<\/em>, meaning “fisherman.” The adjectival suffix transforms a simple occupational noun into the standard Polish surname form.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Meaning “cooper” or “barrel maker.” A specialist trade that was essential in an era when barrels stored everything from grain to wine to herring. A sturdy, earthy surname.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n The Polish countryside shaped its people’s surnames as much as their trades did. Rivers, forests, hills, and animals all became part of the naming vocabulary.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From las<\/em>, meaning “forest,” via a place name. Poland was heavily forested historically, and forest-derived surnames appear across the entire country.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From pole<\/em>, meaning “field” or “plain,” and by extension from Polska<\/em>, Poland itself. The most famous bearer internationally is filmmaker Roman Polanski.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From g\u00f3ra<\/em>, meaning “mountain” or “hill.” Common in the southern, more mountainous regions of Poland, particularly around the Tatra and Carpathian ranges.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From rzeka<\/em>, meaning “river,” via a place name. A less common but genuine surname that places an ancestor near a watercourse.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From b\u00f3r<\/em>, meaning “pine forest” or “dense forest.” Related to Laskowski but specifically evoking the darker, more primeval coniferous forest of the Polish landscape.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Meaning “stream.” Used as both a place name and a surname in Polish records, evoking the small waterways that defined village geography.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From d\u0105browa<\/em>, meaning “oak grove.” One of the most celebrated Polish surnames, carried by General Jan Henryk D\u0105browski, who formed the Polish Legions in the Napoleonic era. The opening line of the Polish national anthem references him by name.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From lipa<\/em>, meaning “linden tree.” The linden is deeply embedded in Polish culture as a symbol of home, shade, and the village center. A gentle, poetic surname.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From sok\u00f3\u0142<\/em>, meaning “falcon.” Falconry was a noble pursuit, and falcon-derived names carry a certain prestige alongside their natural imagery.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Meaning “wolf” directly. A short, sharp animal surname found across Poland. The wolf was a powerful symbol in Slavic culture, associated with strength and the wild.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Meaning “hare.” Animal surnames in Poland range from the imposing (Wilk) to the more modest, and Zaj\u0105c falls in an interesting middle ground: quick, fleet, and surprisingly common.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From kwiat<\/em>, meaning “flower,” via a place name. A surname that feels unusually light and floral for a country with a reputation for heavy, consonant-rich names.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Some Polish surnames preserve ancient Slavic personal names and roots that predate the Christianization of Poland in 966 AD. These names often incorporate the classic Slavic compound elements and feel different in texture from the later, more Latinized names.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From s\u0142aw-<\/em>, the Slavic root meaning “glory” or “fame,” found in names like S\u0142awomir and W\u0142adys\u0142aw. A surname that carries the oldest layer of Polish naming tradition.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From the Slavic root mil-<\/em>, meaning “grace” or “dear.” Used as both a given name and a surname in Polish. The poet Czes\u0142aw Mi\u0142osz, Nobel laureate in literature, is the most celebrated bearer.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From wierzba<\/em>, meaning “willow tree,” via a place name. Willows were sacred in pre-Christian Slavic tradition, associated with water spirits and boundary places.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From the Slavic given name Bogdan, meaning “given by God” (from bog<\/em>, “God,” and dan<\/em>, “given”). A compound that predates Christian influence even though it aligns neatly with Christian sentiment.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From w\u0142odarz<\/em>, a steward or estate manager, ultimately from the Slavic root vlad-<\/em> meaning “to rule” or “to govern.” Related to names like W\u0142adys\u0142aw and Vladimir.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From the Slavic root rad-<\/em>, meaning “glad” or “willing,” via a place name. Tennis player Agnieszka Radwa\u0144ska brought this surname to international attention.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From dobry<\/em>, meaning “good,” one of the most fundamental Slavic adjectives. A surname that carries straightforward, positive Slavic meaning without any Christian overlay.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From the village of Sobieszyn or a related place name, but the name is inseparable from Jan III Sobieski, King of Poland and the hero of the 1683 Battle of Vienna. A surname that carries genuine historical grandeur.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From the given name Mieszko, the name of Poland’s first historically documented ruler, Mieszko I. The name itself is of uncertain but clearly Slavic origin. A surname that ties directly to the very foundation of the Polish state.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From the given name Boles\u0142aw, a classic Slavic compound meaning “greater glory” (from bole-<\/em>, “more\/greater,” and s\u0142aw<\/em>, “glory”). Carried by multiple early Polish kings and preserved in this surname form.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Poland’s borders shifted dramatically over the centuries, and its population was genuinely diverse. Regional origin surnames tell the story of migration, ethnic communities, and the complicated geography of Central Europe.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n A diminutive of Mazur, referring to someone from Mazovia. Also the name of a traditional Polish folk dance and a style of pastry, which gives this surname an unexpectedly festive cultural resonance.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From Krak\u00f3w, Poland’s ancient royal capital. A regional surname indicating origin or long association with the city.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From Podolia, a historical region in what is now Ukraine that was part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Widely known internationally through German footballer Lukas Podolski, whose family has Polish roots.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Meaning “Lithuanian,” used as a surname for people of Lithuanian origin living in Polish communities. A reminder of the long, intertwined history of the two nations in the Commonwealth.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n A diminutive form of Rusin, meaning “Ruthenian” or “person from Rus.” Reflects the large Ruthenian-Ukrainian population that lived within the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From Walachia, the region in present-day Romania, reflecting the movement of Vlach pastoral communities northward into the Carpathian and Tatra mountain regions of southern Poland during the medieval period.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From Gda\u0144sk, the great Baltic port city known in German as Danzig. A regional surname that ties a family to one of Poland’s most historically contested and significant cities.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From \u015al\u0105sk, the Polish name for Silesia, the industrial and historically complex region that passed between Polish, Habsburg, and Prussian control over the centuries. A surname that carries geopolitical history in two syllables.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Before stable hereditary surnames became the norm, Poles identified themselves by their father’s name. Many of Poland’s most common surnames are simply patronymics that hardened into family names over the medieval and early modern period.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From the given name Adam, with the diminutive patronymic suffix -czyk<\/strong> meaning “son of Adam” or “young Adam.” One of the clearest patronymic constructions in the Polish surname system.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From Jan, the Polish form of John, via the place name Jankowo or as a direct patronymic. Jan was among the most common male names in Catholic Poland, so Jankowski is naturally very widespread.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From Tomasz, the Polish form of Thomas, with the patronymic -czyk<\/strong> suffix. A compact, direct construction that has remained common across central Poland.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From Stanis\u0142aw, one of the great traditional Polish names (meaning “becoming glory”), through the short form Stanek, with the patronymic suffix -iewicz<\/strong>. This suffix is particularly common in the eastern regions, where Belarusian and Ukrainian naming patterns influenced Polish.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From Pawe\u0142, the Polish form of Paul. The suffix -ak<\/strong> is a patronymic marker common in central Poland. A short, solid surname with a clear apostolic origin.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From Andrzej, the Polish form of Andrew. One of the longer patronymic surnames, with the full given name preserved intact before the adjectival suffix.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From Wojciech, an old Slavic name meaning “he who finds joy in war” (from voj-<\/em>, “warrior,” and ciech<\/em>, “joy”). Saint Wojciech (Adalbert) was the first Polish martyr, making this name deeply embedded in national identity.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From Bartosz, the Polish form of Bartholomew. A longer patronymic that carries a distinctly Polish sound, with the characteristic cluster of consonants in the middle. Historian W\u0142adys\u0142aw Bartoszewski, a survivor of Auschwitz and later Polish foreign minister, is a notable bearer.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From Jakub, the Polish form of Jacob or James. Another apostolic name that generated one of Poland’s common patronymic surnames, found across all regions.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From Stefan, the Polish form of Stephen. The adjectival suffix here gives what is essentially a patronymic the full noble-style ending, a pattern repeated dozens of times across Polish surnames.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Before the Holocaust, Poland had the largest Jewish population in the world, and Polish Jews developed a distinct surname tradition. Many Jewish surnames in Poland were assigned by Habsburg or Prussian authorities in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, producing names that differ markedly from the Slavic-Catholic patterns above.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From German, meaning “gold mountain.” A common assigned surname in the Galician Jewish community under Habsburg rule. Now found among Polish-Jewish diaspora families worldwide.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Meaning “from Warsaw” or “of Warsaw.” Used by both Jewish and non-Jewish families, but particularly common among Jewish families who adopted city-of-origin surnames.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From German, meaning “field of roses.” Another Habsburg-era assigned surname common in Galicia. The German aesthetic of these names reflects the administrative language of the empire that assigned them.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From jab\u0142o\u0144<\/em>, meaning “apple tree.” Used by both Jewish and non-Jewish Polish families, this surname sits at an intersection of the two naming traditions and is common in both communities.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From a Yiddish diminutive of “Franke,” meaning someone of Frankish or German origin. A surname found across Polish-Jewish communities, particularly in central and eastern Poland.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Beyond the common patterns, Polish surname history produced some striking outliers: names that are rare, phonetically bold, or historically curious.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n A mouthful by any standard, derived from a place name. This surname illustrates the extreme consonant clustering that Polish spelling can produce and that often bewilders non-Polish speakers encountering the language for the first time.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n A real szlachta surname made famous by Henryk Sienkiewicz’s historical novel “With Fire and Sword,” whose hero is Jan Skrzetuski. The name is derived from the village of Skrzetusz.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From krzywy<\/em>, meaning “crooked” or “bent.” A nickname-derived surname that presumably began as a description of a physical characteristic or a piece of land with a crooked shape.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n A great Lithuanian-Polish noble surname, carried most famously by Jan Karol Chodkiewicz, the hetman who won the Battle of Kircholm in 1605 against the Swedish Empire. The -iewicz<\/strong> suffix marks eastern Commonwealth origin.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n From chrzan<\/em>, meaning “horseradish.” A plant-derived surname that is entirely genuine and entirely Polish. A reminder that not every surname carries heroic or poetic associations.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n A surname associated with two remarkable Polish artists: Stanis\u0142aw Witkiewicz, the painter and architect who championed the Zakopane style, and his son Stanis\u0142aw Ignacy Witkiewicz (Witkacy), the playwright and philosopher. One of the most culturally loaded surnames in modern Polish art history.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n The surname of Adam Mickiewicz, the national poet of Poland and Lithuania, author of “Pan Tadeusz.” The -iewicz<\/strong> suffix reflects his origins in the eastern borderlands of the Commonwealth. A surname that functions almost as a cultural monument.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n If you are building a Polish character for fiction, understanding which surname fits the social background you have in mind matters enormously. A szlachta character from the seventeenth century would carry an adjectival -ski<\/strong> or -cki<\/strong> surname derived from an estate, not an occupational name like Krawczyk. A peasant from Mazovia in the nineteenth century would more likely carry a patronymic or occupational name. Getting this right signals real knowledge of Polish history.<\/p>\n For genealogical research, the regional clustering of surnames is your most useful tool. Surnames ending in -iak<\/strong> and -ak<\/strong> are disproportionately common in central Poland (Mazovia, Greater Poland). The -iewicz<\/strong> and -ewicz<\/strong> suffixes cluster heavily in the east, in areas that were Lithuanian or Ruthenian. Silesian surnames often show German or Czech phonetic influence. Knowing where your ancestors came from helps you recognize which spelling variants of a name are most likely authentic for that region.<\/p>\n Remember the gender suffix rule in any practical context. If you are searching historical records for a female ancestor, her surname will appear in the feminized form. A woman born Kowalska married into a Wi\u015bniewski family and would appear in records as Wi\u015bniewska. Searching only for the masculine form will cause you to miss her entirely.<\/p>\n Finally, spelling variation in historical records is significant. Polish names were recorded by German, Russian, and Austrian clerks who often transliterated phonetically into their own languages. Kowalski might appear as Kowalske, Kowalskie, or Kowalszky in different archives. The key is to follow the sound, not the spelling, when tracing a surname across borders and centuries.<\/p>\n Polish surnames are among the most expressive in Europe. They tell you whether an ancestor was a blacksmith or a magnate, whether they came from a forest region or a river valley, whether their family was rooted in the Catholic Slavic tradition or the Jewish communities of Galicia. Once you understand the patterns, the names stop being obstacles and start being answers.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Polish surnames are some of the most structurally fascinating in all of Europe.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":186,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"lfe_reviewer":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[4,72],"class_list":["post-187","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-baby-name-lists","tag-baby-name-lists","tag-polish-surnames"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ponly.com\/names\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/187","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ponly.com\/names\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ponly.com\/names\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ponly.com\/names\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ponly.com\/names\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=187"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ponly.com\/names\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/187\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":188,"href":"https:\/\/ponly.com\/names\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/187\/revisions\/188"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ponly.com\/names\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/186"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ponly.com\/names\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=187"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ponly.com\/names\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=187"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ponly.com\/names\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=187"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}The Great Szlachta Surnames: Noble Names of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth<\/h2>\n
Potocki<\/h3>\n
Zamoyski<\/h3>\n
Czartoryski<\/h3>\n
Radziwi\u0142\u0142<\/h3>\n
Lubomirski<\/h3>\n
Sapieha<\/h3>\n
Wi\u015bniowiecki<\/h3>\n
Pac<\/h3>\n
Ossoli\u0144ski<\/h3>\n
Branicki<\/h3>\n
The Most Common Polish Surnames: Everyday Names With Deep Roots<\/h2>\n
Nowak<\/h3>\n
Kowalski \/ Kowalska<\/h3>\n
Wi\u015bniewski \/ Wi\u015bniewska<\/h3>\n
W\u00f3jcik<\/h3>\n
Kowalczyk<\/h3>\n
Kaminski \/ Kaminska<\/h3>\n
Lewandowski \/ Lewandowska<\/h3>\n
Zielinski \/ Zielinska<\/h3>\n
Szymanski \/ Szymanska<\/h3>\n
Wo\u017aniak<\/h3>\n
Mazur<\/h3>\n
Kaczmarek<\/h3>\n
Piotrowska \/ Piotrowski<\/h3>\n
Michalski \/ Michalska<\/h3>\n
Occupational Polish Surnames: The Trades Behind the Names<\/h2>\n
Krawczyk<\/h3>\n
Cie\u015bla<\/h3>\n
Kucharski \/ Kucharska<\/h3>\n
Rze\u017anik<\/h3>\n
Ko\u0142odziej<\/h3>\n
Mlynarski \/ M\u0142ynarska<\/h3>\n
Szewczyk<\/h3>\n
G\u00f3rnik<\/h3>\n
Rybacki \/ Rybacka<\/h3>\n
Bednarz<\/h3>\n
Nature and Landscape Polish Surnames: The Land Beneath the Name<\/h2>\n
Laskowski \/ Laskowska<\/h3>\n
Polanski \/ Polanska<\/h3>\n
G\u00f3rski \/ G\u00f3rska<\/h3>\n
Rzeczkowski<\/h3>\n
Borowski \/ Borowska<\/h3>\n
Strumie\u0144<\/h3>\n
D\u0105browski \/ D\u0105browska<\/h3>\n
Lipski \/ Lipska<\/h3>\n
Sokolowski \/ Sokolowska<\/h3>\n
Wilk<\/h3>\n
Zaj\u0105c<\/h3>\n
Kwiatkowski \/ Kwiatkowska<\/h3>\n
Slavic Root Polish Surnames: Pre-Christian Names That Survived<\/h2>\n
S\u0142awi\u0144ski \/ S\u0142awinska<\/h3>\n
Mi\u0142osz<\/h3>\n
Wierzbicki \/ Wierzbicka<\/h3>\n
Bogda\u0144ski \/ Bogdanska<\/h3>\n
W\u0142odarski \/ W\u0142odarska<\/h3>\n
Radwa\u0144ski \/ Radwanska<\/h3>\n
Dobrowski \/ Dobrowska<\/h3>\n
Sobieski<\/h3>\n
Mieszkowski \/ Mieszkowska<\/h3>\n
Boles\u0142awski<\/h3>\n
Regional and Ethnic Polish Surnames: Where You Came From<\/h2>\n
Mazurek<\/h3>\n
Krakowski \/ Krakowska<\/h3>\n
Podolski<\/h3>\n
Litwin<\/h3>\n
Rusinek<\/h3>\n
Walachowski<\/h3>\n
Gda\u0144ski \/ Gdanska<\/h3>\n
\u015al\u0105ski \/ \u015al\u0105ska<\/h3>\n
Patronymic Polish Surnames: Your Father’s Name, Fossilized<\/h2>\n
Adamczyk<\/h3>\n
Jankowski \/ Jankowska<\/h3>\n
Tomczyk<\/h3>\n
Stankiewicz<\/h3>\n
Pawlak<\/h3>\n
Andrzejewski \/ Andrzejewska<\/h3>\n
Wojciechowski \/ Wojciechowska<\/h3>\n
Bartoszewski<\/h3>\n
Jakubowski \/ Jakubowska<\/h3>\n
Stefa\u0144ski \/ Stefa\u0144ska<\/h3>\n
Jewish Polish Surnames: A Distinct and Essential Layer<\/h2>\n
Goldberg<\/h3>\n
Warszawski \/ Warszawska<\/h3>\n
Rosenfeld<\/h3>\n
Jab\u0142o\u0144ski \/ Jab\u0142o\u0144ska<\/h3>\n
Frenkel<\/h3>\n
Distinctive and Unusual Polish Surnames Worth Knowing<\/h2>\n
Przeciszewski<\/h3>\n
Skrzetuski<\/h3>\n
Krzywicki \/ Krzywicka<\/h3>\n
Chodkiewicz<\/h3>\n
Chrzanowski \/ Chrzanowska<\/h3>\n
Witkiewicz<\/h3>\n
Mickiewicz<\/h3>\n
How to Choose a Polish Surname for a Character or a Family Name Research Project<\/h2>\n